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Edison Machine Works
The Edison Machine Works was a manufacturing company set up to produce dynamos, large electric motors, and other components of the electrical illumination system being built by Thomas A. Edison in New York City.
==History==
The need for equipment in the development of a large scale electric illumination "utility" in New York City, starting around 1880, soon outstripped the capacity of Thomas Edison's machine shop at Menlo Park. To alleviate the problem in 1881 Edison leased the old Etna Iron Works on Goerck Street, lower Manhattan and set up the ''Edison Machine Works'' with Edison providing 90% of the capital and investor partner Charles Batchelor providing 10%.〔(Rutgers University–The Thomas Edison Papers-Edison Companies, rutgers.edu )〕〔John W. Howell, Henry Shroeder, History of the Incandecent Lamp, page 67〕 The workforce built up to some 800 men supervised by Edison machinist Charles Dean.〔(EDISON’S MANUFACTURING OPERATIONS Docs. 2343 and 2368, edison.rutgers.edu, page 663 )〕 This shop supplied jumbo dynamos for the original Pearl Street Station as well as dynamos of various sizes for the different types of electric light installations Edison was offering customers. The ''Machine Works'' was incorporated in 1884 with Edison investor Charles Batchelor as general manager, John Kruesi as assistant general manager, and Samuel Insull as secretary.〔John F. Wasik, The Merchant of Power: Sam Insull, Thomas Edison, and the Creation of the Modern Metropolis, Macmillan - 2008, page 28〕 At the end of 1885 the ''Electric Tube Company'' and the ''Edison Shafting Manufacturing Company'' were merged into the ''Edison Machine Works''.
The ''Machine Works'' also had a department that designed and tested equipment and trained Edison workers how to wire buildings and install and repair dynamos. New types of dynamos were designed here as well as improved power consumption meters.〔(EDISON’S MANUFACTURING OPERATIONS Docs. 2343 and 2368, edison.rutgers.edu, page 663 )〕
The demands of the expanding utility soon over taxed the cramped lower Manhattan shop. Extra lathes needed for production had to be set up on the sidewalks outside the building connected through the factory windows by long drive belts.〔Randall E. Stross, The Wizard of Menlo Park: How Thomas Alva Edison Invented the Modern World, Three Rivers Press - 2008, page 169〕 Strikes, unionizing attempts, and the general expense of labor and land in New York City sent Edison looking for a site for a new factory. In 1886 the ''Machine Works'', along with 200 of its workers, were moved to two unfinished factory buildings on a 10 acre site in Schenectady, NY, intended to have been the McQueen Locomotive Works.〔(Thomas Alva Edison The accomplishments and life of electrical engineer and entrepreneur Thomas Edison, 1847-1931, edisontechcenter.org )〕 The new factory was put under the control of Samuel Insull.〔Randall E. Stross, The Wizard of Menlo Park: How Thomas Alva Edison Invented the Modern World, Three Rivers Press - 2008, page 169〕 ''Edison Machine Works'' continued as a separate company until 1889, when all of Edison’s electric related companies were merged to form ''Edison General Electric''. The plant expanded rapidly and 1892 saw the merger of ''Edison General Electric'' and the ''Thomson-Houston Electric Company'' of Lynn, Massachusetts to form ''General Electric'' with the Schenectady location used as GE's headquarters for many years thereafter.
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